A Comprehensive Review of Sound-Based Modalities for Automatic COVID-19 Detection using Deep Learning-Based Techniques

The World Health Organization has labeled the novel coronavirus illness (COVID-19) a pandemic since March 2020. It's a new viral infection with a respiratory tropism that could lead to atypical pneumonia. Thus, according to experts, early detection of the positive cases with people infected by the COVID-19 virus is highly needed. In this manner, patients will be segregated from other individuals, and the infection will not spread. As a result, developing early detection and diagnosis procedures to enable a speedy treatment process and stop the transmission of the virus has become a focus of research. Alternative early-screening approaches have become necessary due to the time-consuming nature of the current testing methodology such as Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. The methods for detecting COVID-19 using deep learning (DL) algorithms using sound modality, which have become an active research area in recent years, have been thoroughly reviewed in this work. Although the majority of the newly proposed methods are based on medical images (i.e. X-ray and CT scans), we show in this comprehensive survey that the sound modality can be a good alternative to these methods, providing faster and easiest way to create a database with a high performance. We also present the most popular sound databases proposed for COVID-19 detection. © 2022 IEEE.

Fast Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Chest X-Ray Images

In the last three years, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic put healthcare systems worldwide under tremendous pressure. Imaging techniques, such as Chest X-Ray (CXR) images, play an essential role in diagnosing many diseases (for example, COVID-19). Recently, intelligent systems (Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)) have been widely utilized to identify COVID-19 from other upper respiratory diseases (such as viral pneumonia and lung opacity). Nevertheless, identifying COVID-19 from the CXR images is challenging due to similar symptoms. To improve the diagnosis of COVID-19 using CXR images, this article proposes a new deep neural network model called Fast Hybrid Deep Neural Network (FHDNN). FHDNN consists of various convolutional layers and various dense layers. In the beginning, we preprocessed the dataset, extracted the best features, and expanded it. Then, we converted it from two dimensions to one dimension to reduce training speed and hardware requirements. The experimental results demonstrate that preprocessing and feature expansion before applying FHDNN lead to better detection accuracy and reduced speedy execution. Furthermore, the model FHDNN outperformed the counterparts by achieving an accuracy of 99.9%, recall of 99.9%, F1-Score has 99.9%, and precision of 99.9% for the detection and classification of COVID-19. Accordingly, FHDNN is more reliable and can be considered a robust and faster model in COVID-19 detection. © 2023,International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved.

A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for best Accuracy COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Chest X-Ray Images

Coronavirus (COVID-19) changed the view of people towards life in all the countries of the world in December 2019. The virus has made chaos that cannot be predicted. This problem requires using a variety of technologies to aid in the identification of COVID-19 patients and to control the disease spread. For suspected instances of COVID-19 disease, chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is a standard with fewer costs, but it does not need a COVID-19 examination approach without using technology to help for a suitable diagnosis. In response to this issue, a big dataset of CXR images was divided into four classes found on the website Kaggle. Dealing with large data of the images needs dataset reprocessing through choosing the optimal method for getting speed and best accuracy. Dataset reprocessing converts into gray level then adjust image intensity, resize and extract the best features then apply Machine Learning ML models. The use of different prediction models, ML algorithms, and their performances are calculated with evaluation on the dataset after reprocessing. Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Logistic Regression (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) are models used to foretell the specialized who would be diagnosed with COVID-19 quickly by using CXR images classification. The KNN has revealed the best accuracy compared with the others such as GNB, DT, SGD, LR, and RF. Also, KNN has the best-weighted average for all parameters, which are precision, sensitivity, and F1-score compared with the other models. © 2022 IEEE.